But I think someone's been in there before me....
To the point:
Original 3-spd Saginaw to my '66 Impala. I was told it had a bad second gear synchro, but I could be mistaken (language barrier means there were a lot of gestures and sound effects). Since this is my first time in a transmission, I figured I just poke my head in and see what I could see and that's when I found a bag full of goodies!
I love goodies and all, but what the heck is this stuff and where did it come from?
(its easier to ask you guys than haul the transmission back to Budapest for more language barrier antics)

Here's a bit of a better close up.

Aside from the bad synchro ring, I'm really at a loss as far as what this stuff could be...
Can you find and exploded view online? That might help a bit. I'd guess to say that's a pile of needle bearings for starters.
I've found a pretty good parts breakdown online, but NONE of it looks like that...
I saw the needle bearings, and thought:
1) where he heck is the race?
2) Why are there two sizes?
That sprocket looking deal threw me for a loop, and that washer with the golf ball dimples really had me scratching my head...
I think I may just order the new synchro rings, put it all together (minus the bag of goodies), and see if it doesn't eat itself. Heck, worst case scenario, I get more of a transmission education than I bargained for right? 
In reply to Hungary Bill:
Here you go Bill, see if this will help.
http://whateveristrue.com/chevy/Section%204.000%20Ill..pdf
The brass washer is a thrust washer or thrust ring. the dimples hold oil to keep the hydro-dynamic wedge going.
The sprocket has be a bit lost lookes like its off a 3 speed bike hub...
Wait, so the actual bag itself was inside the transmission and that bag was full of the parts we see spread out on the cardboard?
I know it's probably not too funny to you right now, but it will be I promise. That's hilarious. A bag of pocket parts inside your transmission - loverly.
The two brass washers are for end thrust on the countershaft. The needles are probably two different sizes- some are for the countershaft, some are for the input shaft where the mainshaft is supported. There is no race, they are held in place with grease until the shaft gets in there. The coil springs have me beat, the single ball bearing will lock something to the mainshaft- possibly the speedo drive, possibly a spacing collar of some sort.
The sprocket is from the guys old bicycle.
The free rollers are for the input shaft and probably for the counter shaft.
Dculberson: Oh no, I had a great laugh this morning :) I'm glad I decided to split the case because my first thought was to plug the transmission in and "verify the discrepancy"... could you imagine? 
Graefin: I tried your link, but got "404 file not found"
Its looking like the springs may go to the shift linkage, but I'm not quite sure how yet. I did just take delivery of "How to Rebuild and Modify Your Manual Transmission" from Amazon.com so I may have my nose in that for the next couple of days.
But that sprocket, maybe its the remnants of a Hungarian 4-speed mod? 
Graefin10 wrote:
In reply to Hungary Bill:
Here you go Bill, see if this will help.
http://whateveristrue.com/chevy/Section%204.000%20Ill..pdf
found it! What an awesome picture, thank you!
dculberson wrote:
Wait, so the actual bag itself was inside the transmission and that bag was full of the parts we see spread out on the cardboard?
I know it's probably not too funny to you right now, but it will be I promise. That's hilarious. A bag of pocket parts inside your transmission - loverly.
I usually have parts leftover after a job as well but I just put them in the toolbox.
By George, I think I've found what I've been looking for! Saginaw Manual
Isn't the Internetz great? 