TL;DR: I have a guess in the last line below, but if anybody knows better, I'm all ears.
I may have my terminology wrong, but when I say "thinset" I mean the thin, little-or-no-aggregate stuff you'd use to level a subfloor before applying linoleum or something like that...
My dad has a concrete porch that's sagged and cracked, and has been foam-jacked back into generally reasonable location and shape, but has a triangular section that's a bit low at least along one edge. As I understand it, it's just the sort of shape you'd correct with thinset, except that thinset isn't durable or resilient enough to be a top layer, esepcially where it's feathered out thinly (and as far as I know doesn't bond super-strongly to whatever it's on top of).
I wonder about something like this concrete resurfacer, but I imagine it's really meant as a topcoat, not for building up even a small self-supporting thickness.
Or maybe I have "thinset" really, really wrong; Quikrete appears to have a version which includes sand; I wonder whether this with some of the acrylic fortifier would do the trick... Wait, nope, it's definitely advertised as a tile setting mortar, not a structural item unto itself...
Okay, maybe I've rambled my way there as I go through the site. Vinyl Concrete Patcher? Good for up to 1/4" thick...