My Dad was part of the space program as an engineer in the '60's through the 2000's so I have a little insight. It truly is a shame what has happened to it. I don't have exact data in front of me, but there are numerous advancements attributed directly to the space program in terms of materials, design, and an education of thousands of engineers and scientists.
I would go as far as to argue one of the reasons we had so many advances in the past 50 years is related directly to NASA. There was a huge spike in engineering and science in general after the moon missions. Without those, who knows where we would be in comparison to to Russia or China. China is now surpassing us in these areas by the way.
Here in Huntsville, we also have the worlds largest reseach area for bio technology, and it is directly related to the space program. I interviewed it's founder, Mr. Hudson, and he was so influenced by it he went into science, only to prefect DNA chaining.
Our own company (mining industry related) was started by 4 ex NASA guys, one from Warner Von Brauns team. And there are stories after stories like that in this town. People would be astounded what all is under development in this country, and most of it was due to NASA involvement. And as a side note, even since it's conception, almost all of the hardware that's flown was built by civilian contractors that had to bid on the job.
There are other scientific breakthroughs also related to space, such as missions flown on the shuttle that could not be duplicated here, or performed at the space station, that we are giving up vast resouces by not pursuing it.
In many ways we are flushing our future down the toilet to save a few bucks or as a political ploy. Many nations now are looking towards there own program while we are abandoning ours. It's beyond a shame.
As for the miliary, our defense is our government's number one priority, all others pale in comparison. I believe in keeping their budget high, but like many others said, there needs to be accountability in their spenditures.